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Of that number, an estimated 220,000 were conscripts. Men who refuse military service and do not have an exemption are ineligible for government jobs and are furthermore not hired for high-paying jobs. "Witness Statement of Milad." 2014], Human Rights Watch. Furthermore, most conscripts, especially those with no higher education, end up doing manual jobs, such as cleaning, cooking, or construction or, if they are lucky and have connections, driving for a senior officer. Temporary student exemptions may also be substantiated by a letter from the conscription authority and proof of the students bond payment to exit Iran. Sign in to follow this . N.d.b. Original and photocopy of the Certificate of Completion of Military Service or Exemption from Service, or filling out Form#104 for granting permission to exit once . Other Documents Available:No other documents available. 2014], Iranian Journal of Kidney Diseases. "Iran and Israel: Comparing Military Machines." New military ID cards list the subsection of the law dictating their exemption on their ID cards, which identifies them as gay or transgender and puts them at risk of physical danger and. 2014], Al-Monitor. And this does not mean that persons who would obviously qualify as conscientious objectors do not exist. Virtual Embassy Iran ir.usembassy.gov, U.S. Embassy Abu Dhabi ae.usembassy.gov. Nevertheless, most of these exemptions are only valid in peacetime and those carrying an exemption card are required to report for duty if there is wartime mobilization. The World Factbook. Moreover, all exemptions, except for physical disabilities, were only for five years. 2014]. And you need to apply to the embassy for an "exit stamp" (mohr e khorooj) . Q-2 and Q-3 visas are available only at the Embassy in Dublin and the Consulate General in Belfast. This reflected the country-wide illiteracy rate, which stood at 60 percent in 1979. Alireza Heidary Roushi, Mitra Mahdavi-Mazdeh, Mahnaz Zamyadi. According to estimates, this force, mainly composed of youths, could expand to as many as 1 million members in the event of a national emergency. However, in reality, this interest predates the 1979 revolution and reflects a deep-seated desire for national prestige and development, as well as a need to deter regional rivals. I am from Iranian descent and I left/ fled Iran about 10 years ago when I was around 20 years old. being the only son of the family. These cards facilitate the United States in honoring its host country obligations under the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations (VCDR), [] Money: Non-Iranian credit cards and bank cards cannot be used in Iran. 9 November to 20 November 2012 and 8 January to 9 January 2013. Discrimination and Violence Against Sexual Minorities in Iran. Sign up to receive expert analyses from our community on the most important global issues, rapid insights on events as they unfold, and highlights of the Council's best work. According to the website of the Iranian Embassy in the UK, the only male child must be over the age of 18 and his father must be over the age of 60; being the sole caretaker of a parent, a minor or ill sibling or ill grandparents or, only children caring for parents; being a man who has demonstrated exceptional scholastic achievement; members of the Basij are exempt from military service, which is a possibility if they are active in the Basij for 5 years or more; those who work in industries vital to the government or military may also be exempt. "Iran Cuts Military Service Term." February 28, 2024. Accordingly, the period of validity of a V-2 or V-3 visa must be limited to expire on or before the applicant's twenty-first birthday. Revolutionary leaders repeatedly declared that Iran could establish an army of 20 million to defend the country against foreign aggression. The 1955 U.S.-Iran Treaty of Amity, Economic Relations, and Consular Rights is now terminated. U.S. Sina Azodi and Ali Dadpay. "Iran." Special Seal(s) / Color / Format:Booklet Old versions have a red/burgundy cover, handwritten biodata, and manual signatures and stamps. Human Rights Watch reports that "several individuals who had received exemptions based on their sexual orientation" faced discrimination in employment, "because their identification cards stated the reasons for their exemption as 'behavioural disorders' such as 'sexual deviancy'" (Dec. 2010, 24). "M" means multiple times. I waited for two long hours until several officers arrived from the Artesh (regular military), Iranian Ground Forces, Air Force (IRIAF), Law Enforcement Forces (Prisons Branch), and Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps-Navy (IRGC-N). Police records are not required for immigrant visa applicants because posts cannot verify them. IranSource Original and photocopy of the Certificate of Completion of Military Service or Exemption from Service, or filling out Formno.104 for granting permission to exit once a year (for those required to do Military service and those born after 1338 (1959) who have not yet done their service and are not in possession of any Exemptions and have left the Corroborating information could not be found among the sources consulted by the Research Directorate within the time constraints of this Response. New military ID cards list the subsection of the law dictating their exemption on their ID cards, which identifies them as gay or transgender and puts them at risk of physical danger and general discrimination. Afshon Ostovar. The IHRDC states this exemption is for "a man who is the only male in the family and his father is over 65 years old" (IHRDC 7 Nov. 2014). According to a January 2009 study on kidney donor attitudes in the Iranian Journal of Kidney Diseases, some of the donors surveyed had donated a kidney in order "to be exempted from the military service" (36). For those who live in the country, paying to avoid military service has not always been offered". 2014], Denmark and Norway. Corroborating information could not be found among the sources consulted by the Research Directorate within the time constraints of this Response. In general males are expected to serve for a period of 20 months and for service in impoverished areas, the duration can last 24 months while service in boundary areas can last 22 months. 2014)]. According to the IFOR Main Representative to the UN, in Iran, "persons who are unwilling to perform military service, for whatever reason, are either recruited against their will or seek to escape or evade recruitment" (18 Mar. Sources indicate that the duration of compulsory military service ranges from 18 to 24 months (BBC 26 Dec. 2013; Al-Monitor 19 Dec. 2013). A computer engineer would serve as a computer operator and so on. Issuing Authority Personnel Title: There is no issuing authority personnel title. Thousands of Iranians attend a funeral for 150 Iran-Iraq war (1980-88) unknown Martyrs that have found by the Iranian Martyrs investigation group in the war main field 34-years after a ceasefire between Iran and Iraq in 1988. 8. The original version of this document may be found on the offical website of the IRB at, Last Updated: Tuesday, 28 February 2023, 15:25 GMT, 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees, 1954 Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons, 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness, Canada: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Iran : information sur le service militaire, y compris sur l'ge du recrutement, la dure du service, les motifs d'exemption, la possibilit d'effectuer un service de remplacement et le traitement rserv par les autorits aux personnes qui refusent de faire leur service militaire; information indiquant si des sanctions sont imposes aux objecteurs de conscience, Military service / Conscientious objection / Desertion / Draft evasion / Forced conscription, Persecution on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity. No 184, Imam Khomeini Street, Tehran, Iran Iranian medical exemption laws for military service are indications of legal discrimination against homosexual and transsexual people in Iran. How to obtain an Iranian military exemption - Quora Answer (1 of 5): Iran doesn't recognize dual citizenship, so in addition to their less restricted usage of detention in methods that are not as common in most first would countries, there remains the possibility that one will be detained indefinitely and without charge for whatever reason. By 2012), while the US CIA World Factbook states that volunteers start at 16 (US 26 Feb. 2014). . In addition, the law provides exemptions for those with severe medical conditions or the bread winners of the family. According to the latest Majlis ratification, military service for conscripts with a PHD falls 10 months. Two witnesses are required. In December 2013, General Kamali stated that "[b]ecause of its discriminatory nature, paying off military service was never desired by the armed forces, and that option has been closed" (19 Dec. 2013). The death certificate issued by the physician, hospital, or cemetery official; or the presence of two witnesses before the relevant civil registration office. "Currency Converter." December 2010. Iranian law requires all male citizens over 18 to serve in the military but exempts gay and transgender men, who are classified as having mental disorders. Although care has been taken to ensure the accuracy, completeness and reliability of the information provided, please contact the U.S. Embassy or Consulate where you plan to apply if you believe this information is in error or if you have further questions. "Iran Intends to Extend Duration of Military Service - Commander." Registration Criteria: Newborn children; people who are changing their names; people who have lost their original birth certificate; and people who have reached the age of 15 and need to add their photo to the document (if between age 15 and 18, the individuals parent must apply). Compounding this dilemma, many conscripts came from those areas where Persian was not spoken. Procedure for Obtaining: For children receiving their first birth certificate, one of the parents or a paternal grandparent must be present and produce a report of the childs birth from the hospital, along with the parents birth certificates. (Iran n.d.b). This is not a UNHCR publication. Sources report on cases of sexual minorities being exempted from military service based on Article 33 of the army's medical exemption regulations (IHRDC 19 June 2013; Human Rights Watch Dec. 2010, 24). If you wish to remain on travel.state.gov, click the "cancel" message. Embassy in the Hague. Consequently, the U.S. Department of State no longer has a basis under U.S. law to issue E-1 or E-2 visas to principal applicants who are nationals of Iran. The validity of E-2C visas shall not exceed the maximum initial period of admission allowed by DHS (24 months) or the duration of the transition period ending December 31, 2014, whichever is shortest. This effectively barred any Iranian who had served in the IRGCconscript or otherwisefrom entering the United States. General Kamali reportedly added that "for those who live outside of the country, the option of paying off military service had been cancelled earlier this year. Those who avoid call-up for military service are considered deserters. But the. Further information about payment in lieu of compulsory military service could not be found among the sources consulted by the Research Directorate within the time constraints of this Response. Fee: The reciprocity fee, also known as the visa issuance fee, you must pay. 2014b)]. Draftees were then given paperwork telling them to show up atone of Tehrans bus terminals two days later to be sent to boot camp. However, unlike their government, which has hostile relations with the United States, many of these draftees yearn to pursue a better life in the US and fulfill their dreams. Similarly, Al-Monitor reports that, according to General Kamali, "reduced-time exemptions are still applicable for those who entered military service this Iranian calendar year, which ends March 2014" (19 Dec. 2013). MENASource offers the latest news from across the Middle East, combined with commentary by contributors, interviews with emerging players, multi-media content, and independent analysis from fellows and staff. Basically you get your exit permission validated and stamped in your passport before you enter the country. Similarly, in a November 2013 article published by the Iran Human Rights Documentation Centre (IHRDC), a Connecticut-based independent non-profit organization composed of scholars and lawyers working to provide a "historical record" of human rights issues in Iran (IHRDC n.d.), military service "begins" at 18 (ibid. Since a temporary marriage would not be valid for immigration purposes, the applicant should be processed for visa purposes as though unmarried. 2014], Iran. 2014). 1- They must have been exited the country before 1382/12/29. I would end up being picked by the IRIAF, but the process was arbitrary. These marriages are performed by ecclesiastical authorities and are not registered with the government. Certified Copies Available:Certified copies are available. The Main Representative to the UN for the International Fellowship of Reconciliation (IFOR), a Netherlands-based organization founded in 1914 that is "against war and its preparation" with "branches, affiliates and groups in more than 40 countries" who has been monitoring issues of military service and conscientious objection worldwide with a view to reporting [and] briefing treaty bodies and other UN mechanisms and procedures indicated that "there are no provisions for alternate service" in Iran. Procedure for Obtaining: Submit the deceaseds national identification card, or number and date of notification of death registration, to the National Organization of Civil Registration. If there is a number, such as "One", you may apply for entry one time with that visa. If the person does not return to Iran, the amount is taken by the authorities. 2014], Islamic Republic News Agency (IRNA). Correspondence from the Main Representative to the United Nations. All pages of the document are required for immigrant visa processing. Please find below the list of sources consulted in researching this Information Request. This regulation was expected to be in effect up to 04/11/1390 [24 January 2012. The first compulsory military service bill was passed ninety-six years ago, during the reign of Reza Shah Pahlavi. 7 November 2013. According to a 2020 survey from 6Rang, nearly 63 percent of Iranian LGBTQ people reported experiencing violence perpetrated by their nuclear family. With respect to educational exemptions, Chapter 4, Article 33 states that, Registration Criteria:Divorce is permitted on various grounds, including: mental illness; disabilities interfering with conjugal relations; husbands inability or unwillingness to provide financial support; husbands bad behavior; husbands incurable disease constituting risk to the wife; husbands desertion; husbands conviction for a dishonorable crime; husbands infertility or contraction of a sexually transmitted disease; polygamy without consent; and other circumstances where continuation of marriage constitutes proven difficulty or hardship for wife. 2) Exemption from military service is available on several grounds. This Response was prepared after researching publicly accessible information currently available to the Research Directorate within time constraints. 2014], Middle East Journal. (Iran n.d.a). They could be prevented from holding a driver's license, running for elective office, registering property ownership, being put on the government payroll, or receiving a passport, in addition to being forced to pay fines and/or receive jail sentences. N.d. "About Us." E-1 and E-2 visas may not be issued to a principal alien if he/she is a stateless resident. The current list of eligible countries is available on USCIS's website for both H-2A and H-2B visas. Vietnam War: 2/28/61 - 5/7/75 *. Corroborating information could not be found among the sources consulted by the Research Directorate within the time constraints of this Response. The first is an ecclesiastical marriage certificate issued by the local spiritual assembly a booklet with the signatures of the couple, the person officiating the ceremony, and nine witnesses. Q-2 (principal) and Q-3 (dependent) visa categories are in existence as a result of the 'Irish Peace Process Cultural and Training Program Act of 1998'. 14 October 2008. New versions have a brown cover for adults, photo, digital biodata, and stronger security features; and a dark green cover without photo for minor children under 15. [Accessed 20 Mar. Under 8 CFR 214.2, H-2A and H-2B petitions may generally only be approved for nationals of countries that the Secretary of Homeland Security has designated as participating countries. N.d. "IFOR - International Fellowship of Reconciliation." "Iran's Basij: Membership in a Militant Islamist Organization." On Conversion to Christianity, Issues Concerning Kurds and Post-2009 Election Protestors As Well As Legal Issues and Exit Procedures. . (for almost 10 years) During the interview I was asked about my military card or exemption and I explained that I do not have because I did not even serve in the military ! It is slightly smaller in size than the old version and has covers and quality reminiscent of passports. Document Name:Sanad-e aghd; Sanad Sanad-e ezdevaj (Marriage Certificate), Issuing Authority:National Organization of Registration of Documents and Property (Sazman-e Sabt-e Asnad va Amlak-e Keshvar), Special Seal(s) / Color / Format:Red/burgundy booklet, off-white pages with handwritten data, Issuing Authority Personnel Title:Notary public. In fact, the vast majority of the combat-trained labor power Iran developed during the Iran-Iraq War left military service by the mid-1990s. Failing to serve without an exemption can also result in a ban on leaving the country without special permission. Alternate Documents: There are no alternate documents. A weekly column by Atlantic Council President and CEO Frederick Kempe, Inflection Points focuses on the global challenges facing the United States and how to best address them. Every year about 580,000 men reach conscription age of 18 years for compulsory military service; 16 years of age for volunteers; 17 years of age for Law Enforcement Forces; 15 years of age for Basij Forces (Popular Mobilization Army). The validity of A-3, G-5, and NATO 7 visas may not exceed the validity of the visa issued to the person who is employing the applicant. Effective February 24, 2023, the Implementation of Additional Sanctions Against Russia and Belarus Under the Export Administration Regulations (EAR) and Refinements to Existing Controls rule (the "Russia/Belarus Rule") amends the EAR by:. Certified Copies Available: Certified copies are not available. Although translations tend to be accurate, it is recommended that both the translation and the original card are reviewed. Our programs and centers deliver in-depth, highly relevant issue briefs and reports that break new ground, shift opinions, and set agendas on public policy, with a focus on advancing debates by integrating foundational research and analysis with concrete policy solutions. If you are exempt from the service please provide a copy and certified English translation of your military service exemption card. "Iran May Increase Compulsory Military Service by Three Months." You'll also get priority processing on your application. (Factiva), Nonviolent Peaceforce (NP). 2014], United States (US). According to the Iranian Islamic Public Military Service Act, these include educational exemptions, medical exemptions and guardianship exemptions. Of the three services, the air force fared best in this respect, as it had always done. [Accessed 20 Mar. UNHCR is not responsible for, nor does it necessarily endorse, its content. It is important to inquire about temporary marriages when processing adoption cases from Iran, as posts frequently see children born of temporary marriages. The officer seemed relieved to hear that my twenty-one months of compulsory service was in the Artesh or regular armed forces. [Accessed 28 Mar. Registration Criteria:Proof of Iranian citizenship. This Response is not, and does not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim for refugee protection. "We are a Buried Generation." Charles Recknagel. ! G-1, G-2, and G-3 visa applicants must submit their applications to either U.S. Embassy Bern or U.S. Embassy Vienna. 2014], XE. I am wondering if the military record is a requirement docume. [Accessed 25 Mar. 2012). On Saturday, January 29, a spokesman for the Iranian parliament's Budget Committee for 2022-23 said members had agreed that exemptions from military service could again be sold to individuals at a cost of 250 to 600 million tomans (US$9,000 to $21,500). Like other Iranian men who seek to come to the United States, I was asked by an immigration officer in 2004 about my prior military service. Iran's 1986 population of approximately 48.2 million (including approximately 2.6 million refugees) gave the armed forces a large pool from which to fill its manpower needs, despite the existence . Iranian soldier with his commander (1950s) Conscription was first introduced by Reza Shah in June 1925 and approved as law by the National Consultative Assembly. The IHRDC adds that failing to serve without an exemption can also result in "a ban on leaving the country without special permission" (7 Nov. 2013). Iranian / Dutch B2 tourist visa refused because of no military card / no military exemption card ! . This fee is in addition to the nonimmigrant visa application fee (MRV fee). Internet sites, including: Amnesty International; ecoi.net; Iran - Islamic Parliament of Iran, Iranian Police, National Portal for Iran, Office of the Supreme Leader Sayyid Ali Khamenei, Presidency Website; Iran Data Portal; Hein Online; Legislationline; Small Media; United Nations - Refworld. Arash Karami. Visa Classification: The type of nonimmigrant visa you are applying for. Comments:The booklet includes the individuals name and surname; place and date of birth; gender; unique ID number; parents names and places of birth; date and place of issuance; and identifying information of the individuals spouses and children. [Accessed 13 Mar. The first page includes a summary of the certificate holders personal information such as place of birth and parents first names and birth certificate numbers. By 1986 the country's overall literacy rate was estimated at 50 percent, a dramatic improvement. Management: (+9821)66707131-9 Those seeking relief for medical reasons had to serve but were not sent on combat duty. [Accessed 3 Mar. Temporary marriages cannot be used to confer immigration benefits and do not substantiate eligibility for either marriage-based immigrant visa classes or for derivative status of any visa class. After the United States entered the World War, a large Army was needed immediately. The law, however, provides exemptions in certain circumstances. On a case-by-case basis, the Department of State can request that the Department of Homeland Security grant waivers for nonimmigrant visa applicants with past mandatory military service in the IRGC. "Denied Identity: Human Rights Abuses Against Iran's LGBT Community." 26 September 2013. Procedure for Obtaining: Marriage and divorce certificates can only be obtained by the current/former parties to the marriage. _____. 19 June 2009. Few draft dodgers, if any, were sent to jail; the normal procedure was to fine them the equivalent of US$75 (1986 exchange rate). Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Sina Azodi and Mohsen Solhdoost. Once an individual is deemed exempt, they are issued a military exemption card, which identifies the reasons for their exemption. The IHRDC indicates that, "[i]n particular, gay men and transsexual persons who obtain military exemption due to their sexual orientation are at a significant disadvantage" because their cards for military exemption indicate the reason as "a psychological disorder" (IHRDC 7 Nov. 2013). According to the IHRDC, "in general males are expected to serve for a period of 20 months" and "[f]or service in impoverished areas, the duration can last 24 months while service in boundary areas can last 22 months" (7 Nov. 2013). Out of the manpower pool of registrants about 17,000,000 available at that time, over 10,000,000 were drafted [the total number who served was over 16,000,000, as younger men became of draft age]. Corroborating information could not be found among the sources consulted by the Research Directorate within the time constraints of this Response. Iran now has a largely conscripted force with limited military training and little combat experience. Further and corroborating information could not be found among the sources consulted by the Research Directorate within the time constraints of this Response. In 1984 the Majlis passed a new Military Act that amended conscription laws to reduce the high number of draft dodgers. However, we wont consider the plan if the government makes a strong case against it.. 2014], _____. 2014], Taghvim.com. "About." Individuals who have a handicap or suffer from a certain illness and are thus not in a complete state of health, however yet well capable of carrying out non-combat/military-related services in offices. Irans interest in developing a nuclear deterrent is often attributed to the Islamic Republic. General Kamali, the chief conscription officer of the armed forces, stated 19 December 2013 that "many exemptions, deductions and options to pay to avoid military service will be removed" in the "following year". While Iranian law considers them to be legitimate children, issues could arise concerning parental consent. According to the most recent resolutions, foreign resident draftees who have left the country before the date 29/12/1382 [19 March 2004, and whom after entering their 13 years of age, have been living abroad for a minimum of 2 years (as substantiated through presentation of relevant exit and entry stamps as placed in the applicant's passport by Iranian border guards and officials), were eligible for buying themselves out of Military Duty and thereby obtaining an Exemption card, upon paying the sum of 100,000,000 Rials [US$3,000], rRegardless of academic documents, or period of absence from service. Procedure for Obtaining: Iranian nationals over the age of 15 apply for the card at any local branch of the National Organization for Civil Registration in Iran. No S visa may be issued without first obtaining the Department's authorization. Exemptions were given only to solve family problems. 6 January 2010. Sina Azodi. 2- They must have lived at least 2 years in the foreign country. Alternate Documents:Amended identity certificates that indicate an individuals correct marital status can be obtained. I was a 19-year-old high school graduate when I was ordered to report at 4 am to the headquarters of the Law Enforcement Department of the Draft in downtown Tehran.