Which of the following cell types contributes to maintenance of the blood-brain barrier? Like a few other parts of the body, the brain has a privileged blood supply. The choroid plexus is a specialized structure in the ventricles where ependymal cells come in contact with blood vessels and filter and absorb components of the blood to produce cerebrospinal fluid. The membrane wrapped around the fascicle is called an endoneurium and is made of the loose reticular connective tissue. Histology of the Nervous System Description: Histology of the Nervous System X-Section of Brain Tissue 4 1 2 3 1. Then, get ready to test your knowledge! Get instant access to this gallery, plus: Introduction to the musculoskeletal system, Nerves, vessels and lymphatics of the abdomen, Nerves, vessels and lymphatics of the pelvis, Infratemporal region and pterygopalatine fossa, Meninges, ventricular system and subarachnoid space, keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, Cellular membrane, cytoplasm, organelles, nucleus. The predominant cells visible on the slide are called pyramidal cells (named for their triangular shape). The cells are laid down on top of dense irregular connective tissue, the basement membrane (BM). Name the part of the central nervous system that isdisplayed in this tissue section. Note that sacral levels of the cord (levels S2-4) also contain visceral motor neurons in the lateral horn, but these are parasympathetic. The white matter contains nerve fibers (axons) entering and exiting the gray matter, and traveling up and down the spinal cord, linking it to the brain. Whereas the manner in which either cell is associated with the axon segment, or segments, that it insulates is different, the means of myelinating an axon segment is mostly the same in the two situations. This ground substance, also referred to as Wharthons jelly, provides insulation and protection to the blood vessels of the umbilical cord. Thus are essential for maintaining homeostasis of the body. The nasal cavity contains specialized olfactory epithelium, providing the sense of smell. The lighter-colored layers on both sides of the axon are myelin. All content published on Kenhub is reviewed by medical and anatomy experts. Bundles of myelinated axons in the brain are called tracts, while bundles of axons in the PNS are called nerves. The study of. An important part of the function of neurons is in their structure or shape. Specialized connective tissue includes the blood, reticular, cartilage, bone and adipose tissue. Tissuesare classified into four basic types: epithelium, connective tissue (includes cartilage, bone and blood), muscle, and nervous tissue. The skin is both a medium for interaction with the environment and a barrier, protecting us from outside microbes and chemicals, changes in temperature and dehydration. Later in this sequence, you will learn how the hippocampus and dentate gyrus function in what is known as the "limbic system" to integrate inputs from many parts of the nervous system into complicated behaviors such as learning, memory, and social interaction. Neurons in the dorsal horn are essentially interneurons that project to other regions of the CNS (e.g. Some well-known lymphatic nodules include; the tonsils, Peyers patches and vermiform appendix. The projections connect at the dendrites and are so extensive that they give the microglial cell a fuzzy appearance. DiFiores atlas of histology with functional correlations. One cell providing support to neurons of the CNS is the astrocyte, so named because it appears to be star-shaped under the microscope (astro- = star). EM works by emitting parallel beams of electrons onto the tissue sample. Get an overview of the different types of epithelial tissue: Connective tissue connects, separates and supports the body organs. Bipolar cells are not very common. But what makes neurons special is that they have many extensions of their cell membranes, which are generally referred to as processes. ("4" in the orientation figure) a polymorphic layer containing nerve fibers (known as "mossy fibers") and cell bodies of interneurons, ("5" in the orientation figure) a middle granule cell layer containing the round, neuronal cell bodies of dentate granule cells. Nervous tissue consists of two cells: nerve cells or neurons and glial cells, which helps transmit nerve impulses and also provides nutrients to neurons. Nervous tissue is composed of two types of cells, neurons and glial cells. Neurons are specialized cells that contain a body (soma) and one or more processes ( dendrites, axons ). Primary lymphoid organs (bone marrow and thymus) produce lymphocytes (B and T cells) while secondary lymphoid organs (diffuse lymphoid tissues, lymphatic nodules, lymph nodes and spleen) help to rid the body of toxins, waste and other unwanted material. Grounded on academic literature and research, validated by experts, and trusted by more than 2 million users. Wednesday, August 24. Human unipolar cells have an axon that emerges from the cell body, but it splits so that the axon can extend along a very long distance. All of these features give muscles the ability to contract and perform various functions, such as movement of the extremities (skeletal muscle), peristalsis of the gastrointestinal tract (smooth muscle) and beating of the heart (cardiac muscle). 1. Histology of Nervous Tissue PROF. DR. FAUZIAH OTHMAN DEPT OF HUMAN ANATOMY Feature of nerves tissue Type of cell: neuron & neuroglia General feature of neuron Type of The other major glial cell type you should know about are microglia which are small cells derived from blood monocytes. The organization and morphology of the cells shown is found ONLY in the ventral spinal cord. They return this fluid to the heart, passing it through lymphoid organs. As you learned in the first section, the main part of a neuron is the cell body, which is also known as the soma (soma = body). Controls and integrates all body activities. Generally, they are supporting cells for the neurons in the central nervous system. Spermatozoa pass from the testis into the epithelial lined epididymis and ductus (vas) deferens via efferent ductules, then into the ejaculatory duct, which merges with the urethra. Deep to the gray matter of the cerebral cortex is the white matter that conveys myelinated fibers between different parts of the cortex and other regions of the CNS. Hair follicles are invaginations of the epidermis that contain rapidly proliferating and keratinizing cells responsible for the production and growth of hair. The delicate meshwork of dendritic processes and nerve fibers (axons) lying between cells in the gray matter is called the neuropil. Using slide 77, determine that the cerebellar cortex is organized into an outer molecular layer slide 077 View Image containing basket and stellate cells (not distinguishable by routine light microscopy) as well as axons of granule cells found in the deeper, highly cellular granule layer slide 077 View Image. Histology Study of Tissues Epithelial Tissue Connective Tissue Nervous and Muscular Tissue Intercellular Junctions, Glands and Membranes Tissue Growth, Development . Nervous Tissue DR. DEVI 1 16-4-19 2. One oligodendrocyte will provide the myelin for multiple axon segments, either for the same axon or for separate axons. Review the organization of the spinal cord using your atlas. Continue your learning with these resources. Electron microscopy (EM) is a more modern form of microscopy that provides a much higher magnification and high resolution images. PPTX Histology of Nervous Tissue Nervous system ppt #2 - Liberty Union High Mesenchyme gives rise to all types of connective tissue. Pancreatic serous acini secrete digestive enzymes which break down fat, carbohydrates and proteins. Contrast the differences in the histological appearance of a pyramidal cell versus a Purkinje cell. thyroid, ovaries, suprarenal) and individual hormone-secreting cells found in many organs of the body (e.g. Structure of a Neuron. The tissue is sectioned thinly enough so that light can pass through it. Lymphatic vessels drain lymph (interstitial fluid) from all the extracellular spaces in the body. It relays sensory input to cerebral cortex. Next, the tissue is embedded with paraffin wax, which firms the tissue enough permit thin slices. Nervous Tissue - Characteristics, Structure, Function - BYJUS Neurons. Astrocytes have many processes extending from their main cell body (not axons or dendrites like neurons, just cell extensions). The epithelial lining of the uterine tube and uterus play important roles in the transportation and implantation of a fertilized ovum (zygote). Movement on one side of the body is often controlled by nerve impulses originating on the opposite side of the brain. Information flows through a neuron from the dendrites, across the cell body, and down the axon. The ventral spinal cord. When viewing the microscopic anatomy of the ovary, we can see that it consists of a surface germinal epithelium (capsule), ovarian follicles (cortex) and connective tissue (capsule, cortex medulla). Multiple muscle cells are bound by connective tissue into fascicles, and multiple fascicles join to form a muscle belly. Describe the organization and understand some of the basic functions of regions of the: Observe the 3-layered organization of the, Outer plexiform (molecular) layer: sparse neurons and glia, Outer granular layer: small pyramidal and stellate neurons, Outer pyramidal layer: moderate sized pyramidal neurons (should be able to see these in either, Inner granular layer: densely packed stellate neurons (usually the numerous processes arent visible, but there are lots of nuclei reflecting the cell density), Ganglionic orinner pyramidal layer: large pyramidal neurons (should be able to see these in either, Multiform cell layer: mixture of small pyramidal and stellate neurons. Type II pneumocytes are also important because they secrete surfactant which prevents the lungs from collapsing. Neurons are the cells considered to be the basis of nervous tissue. Two nodes of Ranvier are circled in Figure 9 below. within limits that maintain life. The lymphatic system consists of a network of vessels and lymphoid organs. Thompson, Ph.D. Histology of Nervous Tissue Despite the complexity of organization, there are only two functional cell . Glial cells, such as astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells and others, provide support, nourishment, myelination and protection to neurons. As a muscle contracts, its tendon transmits the force to the bone, pulling on it and causing movement in the associated synovial joint. PPT PowerPoint Presentation - Histology & the Integumentary System: Chapter All of these components work together to provide movement to the body. A third type of connective tissue is embryonic (fetal) tissue, this is a type of primitive tissue present in the embryo and umbilical cord. Histologically, although there are a few exceptions, endocrine cells generally have an epithelial origin. The medial surface of the section is the posterior portion of the thalamus and a small portion of the cerebral peduncle. Nervous tissue. The spinal cord contains a butterfly-shaped area of grey matter surrounded by an outer layer of white matter. Myelin is a lipid-rich sheath that surrounds the axon and by doing so creates a myelin sheath that facilitates the transmission of electrical signals along the axon. Using only histological evidence, could you determine from where in the nervous system a sample of tissue was taken? They provide support, performing similar functions in the periphery as astrocytes do in the CNSexcept, of course, for establishing the BBB.The second type of glial cell is the Schwann cell, which insulate axons with myelin in the periphery. normal functioning and disorders of the nervous. At a histological level, both the heart and blood vessels consist of three layers: The myocardium is formed by striated cardiac muscle cells (cardiomyocytes). They also have cilia on their apical surface to help move the CSF through the ventricular space. White matter consists of myelinated axons. Chapter 12Nervous Tissue. Optic microscopy, also known as light microscopy, uses light from the visible spectrum and combines it with multiple lenses to create a magnified image. Tissue preparation, tissue staining, microscopy, hybridisation. Download Presentation Histology of Nervous Tissue An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Other staining techniques such as Masson trichrome, alcian blue, reticulin stain and others are sometimes used to demonstrate specific tissue components not seen on a H&E stain. Since tissues are relatively colorless, the magnifying properties of the optic microscope are not sufficient for proper visualization of a specimen; therefore staining techniques described above are coupled with optic microscopy. The ovary is actually an organ homologous to the male testis, it gives rise to the gametes (ova) and steroid hormones (estrogen, progesterone). Curated learning paths created by our anatomy experts, 1000s of high quality anatomy illustrations and articles. PPT - Histology of Nervous Tissue PowerPoint Presentation, free Nervous tissue contains two categories of cellsneurons and neuroglia. Neurons can also be classified on the basis of where they are found, who found them, what they do, or even what chemicals they use to communicate with each other. Correct answer 1. Together these organs provide the ability of reproduction and sexual intercourse. At one end of the axon are dendrites, and at the other end, the axon forms synaptic connections with a target. However, if you take a much closer look, youll see that the histology of bones, is a whole other story. While their origin is not conclusively determined, their function is related to what macrophages do in the rest of the body. Four of them are found in the CNS and two are found in the PNS. Histology of nervous tissue1 Kifayat Khan 855 views 26 slides Nervous tissue2k1 Hatesh Mahtani 4.8k views 109 slides General histology || Nervous tissue Ali Nasser 457 views 8 slides Nervous tissue i kohlschuetter 3.3k views 25 slides Nervous tissue 1 aiyub medicine 4.3k views 90 slides Introduction to Neuropathology Cassie Porebski PPT - INTRODUCTION TO HISTOLOGY PowerPoint Presentation, free download Learn more about the histology of the upper and lower digestive tract. Did you know that there are special cardiomyocytes in your heart that spontaneously generate impulses to initiate heartbeats? As such, nerves do not contain neural cell bodies. Examine the boundary between molecular and granule cell layers. Ppt #2. Ongoing research into these cells, although not entirely conclusive, suggests that they may originate as white blood cells, called macrophages, that become part of the CNS during early development. The respiratory system consists of the lungs and a series of passageways (nasal cavities, paranasal sinuses, larynx, trachea and bronchi) that connect alveoli to the external environment. A few other processes provide the same insulation for other axon segments in the area. Pyramidal cells in the cerebral cortex act as upper motor neurons, which then synapse with the lower motor neurons that are in direct contact with muscles to initiate contraction. In general, the brain is composed of an exterior layer of grey matter covering internal areas of white matter, with another internal layer of grey matter in the deepest part of the brain (called the basal nuclei). Health Information Technology & Services. These include epithelial cells, fibroblasts, neutrophils, erythrocytes, keratinocytes, chondrocytes just to name a few. Additional sub-classifications are possible, based on the cell specializations. Reviewer: They can be classified by many different criteria. The neuron shown is a multipolar neurons. Most of the respiratory tract is lined by respiratory mucosa; a pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium with mucus producing goblet cells. Histology of Nervous Tissue PROF. DR. FAUZIAH OTHMAN DEPT OF HUMAN ANATOMY 2 Feature of nerves tissue Type of cell neuron neuroglia General feature of neuron Type of neuroglia astrocyte, oligodendrocyte, ependymal cell, microglia Synapses Myelin formation function General structure of peripheral nerves Ganglia dorsal root ganglia autonomic ganglia This is a tapering of the cell body toward the axon fiber. On a longitudinal section, cardiomyocytes appear branched, joined together by specialized junctions called intercalated discs which allow them to quickly exchange electrical impulses and work as a syncytium. Mesenchymal cells are undifferentiated cells, which means they are capable of differentiating into any type of connective tissue cells (fibroblasts, osteoblasts, adipocytes etc.). Neuroglia. During development, the glial cell is loosely or incompletely wrapped around the axon (Figure 6). Histology 5.ppt CT, Bone Histology 5 supplement.ppt : Histology 6.ppt Muscle: Histology Lab 4.doc Muscle and Start of Nervous Tissue: Histology 7.ppt M, Nervous: Histology Lab 5.doc Nervous (continued), Digestion Start: Histology 8.ppt Nervous : Histology 9.ppt : Histology 10.ppt Nervous: Histology11.ppt CNS, Digestion : Histology 12.ppt . I love Histology! They are stabilized by ligaments, flexible fibrous bands made of dense regular connective tissue. Fetal tissues are classified into two types: mesenchyme and mucoid (mucous) connective tissue. When macrophages encounter diseased or damaged cells in the rest of the body, they ingest and digest those cells or the pathogens that cause disease. It is related to both the circulatory system and the immune system. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Afferent, efferent, visceral and more. Remember that the perikaryon is the metabolic support center for each neuron, so, therefore, motor neurons require much larger perikarya. Your donation will enable us to update all existingSecondLook resources and to transform them into completely free Progressive Web Applications (PWA), including theSecondLookHistology apps. Neurons of the cerebral cortex are of varying shapes and sizes, but the most obvious arepyramidal cells. At a microscopic level, a nephron consists of a renal corpuscle and a series of tubules. A group of organs united by similar functions. The epidermis (epithelium) and dermis (connective tissue) compose the skin. The cells here arepreganglionic sympathetic neurons whose axons terminate in either sympathetic chain ganglia or the "visceral" (or "pre-aortic") ganglia associated with the major branches of the abdominal aorta (e.g. The glial cell is wrapped around the axon several times with little to no cytoplasm between the glial cell layers. A cell is the smallest functional unit of an organism. What is the distinction between the CNS and the PNS? The alimentary canal is a tube extending from the mouth to the anus that serves as a channel for food and water to be digested, their nutrients absorbed and indigestible portions excreted. These sections are then mounted on a glass slide, using a mounting medium as an adhesive. For oligodendrocytes, the rest of the cell is separate from the myelin sheath as a cell process extends back toward the cell body. The small gap in the myelin sheath that occurs between adjacent Schwann cells is called a node of Ranvier. And there are many different types of neurons. Neuronal processes form connections (synapses) with each other and with other cell types, in order to exchange electrical signals. They are separated into four categories: muscular, nervous, epithelial and connective. Pyramidal cells and olfactory cells are two other examples of neurons named for these classifications which will be discussed later.